Environmental Kuznets Curve and the Ecological Footprint performances in the G7, BRICS countries and Mexico, 1990-2022.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33110/rnee.v20i2.375Keywords:
Environmental Kuznets Curve, Ecological Footprint, renewables energies, FMOLS, Quantile RegressionAbstract
In recent years, the causes and solutions to environmental degradation have become a topic of discussion in various international organizations and economies around the world. This research analyzes the Environmental Kuznets Curve (ECC) for the G7, BRICS, and Mexico member countries from 1990 to 2022. The ecological footprint is used to measure environmental degradation during the indicated period in these countries. The methodological approach employs panel data econometric tests, such as cross-sectional dependence, unit root, cointegration, and causality tests. FMOLS and the Quantile Moment Regression Method are also applied. The results confirm the ECC hypothesis for the countries studied. The coefficient obtained for renewable energy is negative and significant, while patents and trade openness have a positive and significant coefficient on the ecological footprint.
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